BioImpedance Analysis (BIA) is a safe, simple, and noninvasive technology to measure body composition. The principle is to determine the electric impedance of an electric current passing through body tissues. This technique is currently integrated into numerous connected devices, for quick and easy self-assessment of health condition. However, these measurements are indirectly related to body composition and intensively bear on strong assumptions related to mathematical models that are limited and imprecise. This situation is the source of several methodological and experimental issues. In this study, we analyze in details these issues based on a complete and recent survey of literature.

Obtained results suggest that it is clearly needed to multiply references, to define personalized models, and to adjust mathematical assumptions to improve BIA reliability and adoption in e-health or specific applications.